Thursday, April 1, 2021

Juniper Networks Routing Fundamentals

Routing is the process of moving data between Layer 3 networks.

 

Two primary routing components:

  1. End-to-end physical communications path.
  2. Ensure all Layer 3 (routing) devices within the network path have the necessary routing information.

 

 

Routing Table

 

The Junos OS receives multiple routes for a given destination prefix, it selects a single route as the active route. It also support multiple, equal-cost routes.

 

 

Forwarding Table

 

The Junos OS uses the active route for each destination prefix to populate the forwarding table. The forwarding table determines the outgoing interface and Layer 2 rewrite information for each packet.

 

 

Multiple Routing Tables

 

The Junos OS can accommodate multiple routing tables and creates additional routing tables when the configuration requires it. The primary routing table inet.0 stores IPv4 unicast routes and inet6.0 for IPv6 unicast routes.

 

 

Preferred Routing Information Sources

 

The Junos OS uses route preferences (administrative distance/AD in Cisco) to differentiate routes received from different routing information sources. The lower preference values are preferred over high preference values.

Viewing the Route Table

 

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# set routing-options ?

Possible completions:

> access               Access routes

> access-internal      Access-internal routes

> admin-groups-extended  Extended administrative groups

> admin-groups-extended-range  Extended administrative groups range

> aggregate            Coalesced routes

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> auto-export          Export routes between routing instances

> autonomous-system    Autonomous system number

  bgp-orf-cisco-mode   Using BGP ORF capability code 130 and Prefix ORF type 128

> bmp                  BGP Monitoring Protocol (BMP) configuration

> confederation        Confederation autonomous system number

> dynamic-tunnels      Dynamic tunnel definitions

> fate-sharing         Fate-sharing links or nodes database

> flow                 Locally defined flow routing information

> forwarding-table

> generate             Route of last resort

> graceful-restart     Graceful or hitless routing restart options

+ instance-export      Export policy for instance RIBs

+ instance-import      Import policy for instance RIBs

> interface-routes     Define routing table groups for interface routes

> martians             Invalid routes

> maximum-paths        Maximum number of paths

> maximum-prefixes     Maximum number of prefixes

  med-igp-update-interval  Delay (in minutes) in updating MED IGP for bgp groups

 with 'delay-med-update'

> multicast            Global multicast options

> options              Miscellaneous options

> ppm                  Set periodic packet management properties

> resolution           Route next-hop resolution options

> rib                  Routing table options

> rib-groups           Group of routing tables

  route-distinguisher-id  Identifier used in route distinguishers for routing in

stances

  route-record         Enable route recording

  router-id            Router identifier

> source-routing       Source-routing options

> srlg                 SRLG configuration

> static               Static routes

> topologies           Define routing topologies

> traceoptions         Global routing protocol trace options

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# set routing-options static ?

Possible completions:

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> defaults             Global route options

  rib-group            Routing table group

> route                Static route

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# set routing-options static route ?

Possible completions:

  <destination>

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# set routing-options static route 192.168.1.0/24 ?

Possible completions:

  active               Remove inactive route from forwarding table

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> as-path              Autonomous system path

  backup-pe-group      Multicast source redundancy group

> bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) options

> color                Color (preference) value

> color2               Color (preference) value 2

+ community            BGP community identifier

  discard              Drop packets to destination; send no ICMP unreachables

  install              Install route into forwarding table

> lsp-next-hop         LSP next hop

> metric               Metric value

> metric2              Metric value 2

> metric3              Metric value 3

> metric4              Metric value 4

+ next-hop             Next hop to destination

  next-table           Next hop to another table

  no-install           Don't install route into forwarding table

  no-readvertise       Don't mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  no-resolve           Don't allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  no-retain            Don't always keep route in forwarding table

> p2mp-lsp-next-hop    Point-to-multipoint LSP next hop

  passive              Retain inactive route in forwarding table

> preference           Preference value

> preference2          Preference value 2

> qualified-next-hop   Next hop with qualifiers

  readvertise          Mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  receive              Install a receive route for the destination

  reject               Drop packets to destination; send ICMP unreachables

  resolve              Allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  retain               Always keep route in forwarding table

> static-lsp-next-hop  Static LSP next hop

> tag                  Tag string

> tag2                 Tag string 2

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# set routing-options static route 192.168.1.0/24 next-hop ?

Possible completions:

  <value>              Next hop to destination

  [                    Open a set of values

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# set routing-options static route 192.168.1.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.2

 

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# commit

commit complete

 

jadmin@JR-1> show route    // VIEW ROUTING TABLE

 

inet.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (3 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)     // THE inet.0 IS USED FOR IPv4 UNICAST ROUTES

+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

 

10.1.1.0/24        *[Direct/0] 00:06:01    // AN ASTERISK (*) INDICATES AN ACTIVE ROUTE.

                    > via em0.0

10.1.1.1/32        *[Local/0] 04:50:06

                      Local via em0.0

192.168.1.0/24     *[Static/5] 00:00:06    // ROUTE SOURCE/PREFERENCE

                    > to 10.1.1.2 via em0.0

 

 

You can filter the show route output by destination prefix, protocol type and other attributes.

 

jadmin@JR-1> show route 10.1.1.1/24 ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

  active-path          Show active paths

  advertising-protocol  Show information in format intended for particular routing protocol

  all                  Show all entries, including hidden entries

  aspath-regex         BGP AS path regular expression for entries to match

  best                 Show longest matching route

  brief                Display brief output

  ccc                  Name of entry in MPLS table with a circuit cross-connect

interface

+ community            Identifier for community (can include wildcards)

  community-name       Name of configured community policy to match

  damping              Show entries subjected to particular kind of route damping

  detail               Display detailed output

  exact                Show routes that match exactly

  extensive            Display extensive output

  hidden               Show hidden entries

  inactive-path        Show inactive paths

  inactive-prefix      Show inactive route destinations

  label                Label of entry in MPLS routing table

  label-switched-path  Name of LSP tunnel associated with entries

  logical-system       Name of logical system, or 'all'

  match-prefix         Regular expression to match formatted prefix

  next-hop             IP address of next hop that is destination for entries

  no-community         Show entries with no associated community

  output               Show entries sent out a particular interface

  private              Show private table routes

  protocol             Name of protocol that is source for entries

  range                Show all entries in prefix range

  rd-prefix            Route distinguisher with ip prefix (rd:prefix)

  receive-protocol     Show information in format received from particular routi

ng protocol

  source-gateway       IP address of source router for entries

  static-label-switched-path  Name of static LSP tunnel associated with entries

  table                Name of routing table

  terse                Display terse output

  |                    Pipe through a command

 

jadmin@JR-1> show route 10.1.1.1/24 exact

 

inet.0: 2 destinations, 2 routes (2 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

 

10.1.1.0/24        *[Direct/0] 00:02:24

                    > via em0.0

 

jadmin@JR-1> show route protocol ?

Possible completions:

  access               Access route

  access-internal      Access-internal route

  aggregate            Locally generated aggregate route

  bgp                  Border Gateway Protocol

  ccc                  Circuit cross-connect

  direct               Directly connected routes

  dvmrp                Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

  esis                 End System-to-Intermediate System

  flow                 Locally defined flow route

  isis                 Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System

  l2circuit            Layer 2 circuit

  l2vpn                Layer 2 virtual private network

  ldp                  Label Distribution Protocol

  local                Local system addresses

  mpls                 Multiprotocol Label Switching

  msdp                 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol

  mvpn                 BGP-MVPN Protocol

  ospf                 Open Shortest Path First

  ospf2                Open Shortest Path First Version 2

  ospf3                Open Shortest Path First Version 3

  pim                  Protocol Independent Multicast

  rip                  Routing Information Protocol

  ripng                Routing Information Protocol for IPv6

  rsvp                 Resource Reservation Protocol

  rtarget              Local route target VPN membership

  static               Statically defined prefixes

  tunnel               Dynamic tunnel

  vpn                  Layer 3 virtual private network

 

jadmin@JR-1> show route protocol static

 

inet.0: 3 destinations, 3 routes (3 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

 

192.168.1.0/24     *[Static/5] 00:03:24

                    > to 10.1.1.2 via em0.0

 

jadmin@JR-1> show route ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

  <destination>        IP address and optional prefix length of destination

  active-path          Show active paths

  advertising-protocol  Show information in format intended for particular routi

ng protocol

  all                  Show all entries, including hidden entries

  aspath-regex         BGP AS path regular expression for entries to match

  best                 Show longest matching route

  brief                Display brief output

  ccc                  Name of entry in MPLS table with a circuit cross-connect

interface

+ community            Identifier for community (can include wildcards)

  community-name       Name of configured community policy to match

  damping              Show entries subjected to particular kind of route damping

  detail               Display detailed output

  exact                Show routes that match exactly

  export               Show instance export information

  extensive            Display extensive output

  flow                 Show flow routing information

  forwarding-table     Show entries in all forwarding tables

  hidden               Show hidden entries

  inactive-path        Show inactive paths

  inactive-prefix      Show inactive route destinations

  instance             Show routing instances information

  label                Label of entry in MPLS routing table

  label-switched-path  Name of LSP tunnel associated with entries

  localization         Show route localization information

  logical-system       Name of logical system, or 'all'

  martians             Show martian networks

  match-prefix         Regular expression to match formatted prefix

  next-hop             IP address of next hop that is destination for entries

  no-community         Show entries with no associated community

  output               Show entries sent out a particular interface

  private              Show private table routes

  protocol             Name of protocol that is source for entries

  range                Show all entries in prefix range

  rd-prefix            Route distinguisher with ip prefix (rd:prefix)

  receive-protocol     Show information in format received from particular routing protocol

  resolution           Show next-hop resolution database

  rib-groups           Show group of routing tables

  snooping             Show routes for multicast snooping

  source-gateway       IP address of source router for entries

  static-label-switched-path  Name of static LSP tunnel associated with entries

  summary              Show routing table statistics

  table                Name of routing table

  terse                Display terse output

  |                    Pipe through a command

 

jadmin@JR-1> show route forwarding-table    // VIEW FORWARDING TABLE

Routing table: default.inet

Internet:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    rjct    36     1    // WHEN NO PACKET MATCHING ENTRY EXIST EXCEPT FOR USER-DEFINE DEFAULT ROUTE; IT SENDS ICMP UNREACHABLE BACK TO THE SENDER

0.0.0.0/32         perm     0                    dscd    34     1

10.1.1.0/24        intf     0                    rslv   543     1 em0.0

10.1.1.0/32        dest     0 10.1.1.0           recv   541     1 em0.0

10.1.1.1/32        intf     0 10.1.1.1           locl   542     2

10.1.1.1/32        dest     0 10.1.1.1           locl   542     2

10.1.1.2/32        dest     0 10.1.1.2           hold   548     3 em0.0

10.1.1.10/32       dest     1 2:0:4c:4f:4f:50    ucst   547     2 em0.0

10.1.1.255/32      dest     0 10.1.1.255         bcst   540     1 em0.0

192.168.1.0/24     user     0 10.1.1.2           hold   548     3 em0.0

224.0.0.0/4        perm     0                    mdsc    35     1

224.0.0.1/32       perm     0 224.0.0.1          mcst    31     1

255.255.255.255/32 perm     0                    bcst    32     1

 

Routing table: __master.anon__.inet

Internet:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    rjct   517     1

0.0.0.0/32         perm     0                    dscd   515     1

224.0.0.0/4        perm     0                    mdsc   516     1

224.0.0.1/32       perm     0 224.0.0.1          mcst   512     1

255.255.255.255/32 perm     0                    bcst   513     1

 

Routing table: default.iso

ISO:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    rjct    60     1

 

Routing table: __master.anon__.iso

ISO:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    rjct   523     1

 

Routing table: default.inet6

Internet6:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    rjct    44     1

::/128             perm     0                    dscd    42     1

ff00::/8           perm     0                    mdsc    43     1

ff02::1/128        perm     0 ff02::1            mcst    39     1

 

Routing table: __master.anon__.inet6

Internet6:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    rjct   532     1

::/128             perm     0                    dscd   530     1

ff00::/8           perm     0                    mdsc   531     1

ff02::1/128        perm     0 ff02::1            mcst   528     1

 

Routing table: default.mpls

MPLS:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    dscd    50     1

 

Routing table: :mpls-oam.mpls

MPLS:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    dscd   525     1

 

Routing table: default-switch.bridge

VPLS:

Destination        Type RtRef Next hop           Type Index NhRef Netif

default            perm     0                    dscd   536     1

 

 

Master Routing Instance (Global Routing in Cisco)

 

jadmin@JR-1> show route instance    // DEFAULT UNICAST ROUTING "MASTER" INSTANCE

Instance             Type

         Primary RIB                                     Active/holddown/hidden

master               forwarding

         inet.0                                          3/0/0

 

__juniper_private1__ forwarding    // PRIVATE ROUTING INSTANCE USED FOR INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN HARDWARE COMPONENTS (JUST IGNORE)

         __juniper_private1__.inet.0                     1/0/0

         __juniper_private1__.inet6.0                    1/0/0

 

__juniper_private2__ forwarding

         __juniper_private2__.inet.0                     0/0/1

 

__master.anon__      forwarding

 

 

User-Defined Routing Instance (Virtual Routing and Forwarding or VRF in Cisco)

 

jadmin@JR-1> configure

Entering configuration mode

Users currently editing the configuration:

  jadmin terminal p2 (pid 2116) on since 2020-10-20 21:56:23 SGT, idle 01:50:11

      [edit]

The configuration has been changed but not committed

 

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# edit routing-instances ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

  <instance_name>      Routing instance name

  |                    Pipe through a command

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# edit routing-instances CUST-A

 

[edit routing-instances CUST-A]

jadmin@JR-1# set ?

Possible completions:

> access               Network access configuration

> access-profile       Access profile for this instance

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

  description          Text description of routing instance

> forwarding-options   Forwarding options configuration

  instance-role        Primary role of L2Backhaul-vpn router

  instance-type        Type of routing instance

> interface            Interface name for this routing instance

> l2vpn-id             Layer-2 vpn-id for this instance

  no-vrf-advertise     Don't advertise this instance to remote PEs

  no-vrf-propagate-ttl  Disable TTL propagation from IP to MPLS (on push) and MP

LS to IP (on pop)

> protocols            Routing protocol configuration

> provider-tunnel      Provider tunnel configuration

> route-distinguisher  Route distinguisher for this instance

> routing-options      Protocol-independent routing option configuration

> services             Service PIC daemon configuration

> system               System parameters

  vlan-model           Subscriber vlan-model in L2Wholesale framework

> vrf-advertise-selective  Override no-vrf-advertise knob for the specified addr

ess family

+ vrf-export           Export policy for VRF instance RIBs

+ vrf-import           Import policy for VRF instance RIBs

  vrf-propagate-ttl    Enable TTL propagation from IP to MPLS (on push) and MPLS

 to IP (on pop)

> vrf-table-label      Advertise a single VPN label for all routes in the VRF

> vrf-target           VRF target community configuration

[edit routing-instances CUST-A]

jadmin@JR-1# set instance-type ?

Possible completions:

  forwarding           Forwarding instance

  l2vpn                Layer 2 VPN routing instance

  mpls-internet-multicast  Internet Multicast over MPLS routing instance

  no-forwarding        Nonforwarding instance

  virtual-router       Virtual routing instance

  vpls                 VPLS routing instance

  vrf                  Virtual routing forwarding instance

[edit routing-instances CUST-A]

jadmin@JR-1# set instance-type virtual-router

 

[edit routing-instances CUST-A]

jadmin@JR-1# set interface lo0.10

 

[edit routing-instances CUST-A]

jadmin@JR-1# set routing-options static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 172.16.1.1

 

[edit routing-instances CUST-A]

jadmin@JR-1# show

instance-type virtual-router;

interface lo0.10; ## 'lo0.10' is not defined

routing-options {

    static {

        route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 172.16.1.1;

    }

}

 

[edit routing-instances CUST-A]

jadmin@JR-1# commit

commit complete

 

 

Static Routes

 

Static routing is ideal in small networks or where absolute control of routing is necessary. All static routes are configured in the edit routing-options hierarchy. By default, the next-hop IP address of the static routes configured must be reachable using a direct route since Junos OS doesn't perform a recursive lookup of next hops by default.

 

Next-hop value can be a bit bucket, which is analogous to dropping the packet. You can use keywords reject (the system sends an ICMP unreachable back to the source) or discard (drops the packet silently).

 

jadmin@JR-1> configure

Entering configuration mode

 

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# edit routing-options

 

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# show

static {

    route 192.168.1.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.2;

}

 

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 192.168.2.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.3 ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

  active               Remove inactive route from forwarding table

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> as-path              Autonomous system path

  backup-pe-group      Multicast source redundancy group

> bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) options

> color                Color (preference) value

> color2               Color (preference) value 2

+ community            BGP community identifier

  install              Install route into forwarding table

> lsp-next-hop         LSP next hop

> metric               Metric value

> metric2              Metric value 2

> metric3              Metric value 3

> metric4              Metric value 4

+ next-hop             Next hop to destination

  no-install           Don't install route into forwarding table

  no-readvertise       Don't mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  no-resolve           Don't allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  no-retain            Don't always keep route in forwarding table

> p2mp-lsp-next-hop    Point-to-multipoint LSP next hop

  passive              Retain inactive route in forwarding table

> preference           Preference value

> preference2          Preference value 2

> qualified-next-hop   Next hop with qualifiers

  readvertise          Mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  resolve              Allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  retain               Always keep route in forwarding table

> static-lsp-next-hop  Static LSP next hop

> tag                  Tag string

> tag2                 Tag string 2

  |                    Pipe through a command

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 192.168.2.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.3 no-readvertise

 

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set rib ?

Possible completions:

  <rib_name>           Routing table name

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set rib inet6.0 ?

Possible completions:

> access               Access routes

> access-internal      Access-internal routes

> aggregate            Coalesced routes

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> generate             Route of last resort

> martians             Invalid routes

> maximum-paths        Maximum number of paths

> maximum-prefixes     Maximum number of prefixes

> static               Static routes

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set rib inet6.0 static ?

Possible completions:

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> defaults             Global route options

  rib-group            Routing table group

> route                Static route

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set rib inet6.0 static route ?

Possible completions:

  <destination>

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set rib inet6.0 static route 0::/0 ?

Possible completions:

  active               Remove inactive route from forwarding table

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> as-path              Autonomous system path

  backup-pe-group      Multicast source redundancy group

> bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) options

> color                Color (preference) value

> color2               Color (preference) value 2

+ community            BGP community identifier

  discard              Drop packets to destination; send no ICMP unreachables

  install              Install route into forwarding table

> lsp-next-hop         LSP next hop

> metric               Metric value

> metric2              Metric value 2

> metric3              Metric value 3

> metric4              Metric value 4

+ next-hop             Next hop to destination

  next-table           Next hop to another table

  no-install           Don't install route into forwarding table

  no-readvertise       Don't mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  no-resolve           Don't allow resolution of indirectly connected next ho

  no-retain            Don't always keep route in forwarding table

> p2mp-lsp-next-hop    Point-to-multipoint LSP next hop

  passive              Retain inactive route in forwarding table

> preference           Preference value

> preference2          Preference value 2

> qualified-next-hop   Next hop with qualifiers

  readvertise          Mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  receive              Install a receive route for the destination

  reject               Drop packets to destination; send ICMP unreachables

  resolve              Allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  retain               Always keep route in forwarding table

> static-lsp-next-hop  Static LSP next hop

> tag                  Tag string

> tag2                 Tag string 2

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set rib inet6.0 static route 0::/0 next-hop ?

Possible completions:

  <value>              Next hop to destination

  [                    Open a set of values

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set rib inet6.0 static route 0::/0 next-hop 2001::1

 

jadmin@JR-1# show

rib inet6.0 {

    static {

        route 0::/0 next-hop 2001::1;    // IPv6 DEFAULT STATIC ROUTE

    }

}

static {

    route 192.168.1.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.2;

    route 192.168.2.0/24 {

        next-hop 10.1.1.3;

        no-readvertise;   // RESTRICT A ROUTE FROM BEING ADVERTISED INTO A DYNAMIC ROUTING PROTOCOL THROUGH ROUTING POLICY; RECOMMENDED FOR STATIC ROUTES USED FOR MANAGEMENT TRAFFIC

    }

}

 

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# commit

commit complete

 

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# run show route protocol ?

Possible completions:

  access               Access route

  access-internal      Access-internal route

  aggregate            Locally generated aggregate route

  bgp                  Border Gateway Protocol

  ccc                  Circuit cross-connect

  direct               Directly connected routes

  dvmrp                Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

  esis                 End System-to-Intermediate System

  flow                 Locally defined flow route

  isis                 Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System

  l2circuit            Layer 2 circuit

  l2vpn                Layer 2 virtual private network

  ldp                  Label Distribution Protocol

  local                Local system addresses

  mpls                 Multiprotocol Label Switching

  msdp                 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol

  mvpn                 BGP-MVPN Protocol

  ospf                 Open Shortest Path First

  ospf2                Open Shortest Path First Version 2

  ospf3                Open Shortest Path First Version 3

  pim                  Protocol Independent Multicast

  rip                  Routing Information Protocol

  ripng                Routing Information Protocol for IPv6

  rsvp                 Resource Reservation Protocol

  rtarget              Local route target VPN membership

  static               Statically defined prefixes

  tunnel               Dynamic tunnel

  vpn                  Layer 3 virtual private network

[edit routing-options]

 

jadmin@JR-1# run show route protocol static   // DISPLAY STATIC ROUTES

 

inet.0: 4 destinations, 4 routes (4 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

 

192.168.1.0/24     *[Static/5] 00:09:31

                    > to 10.1.1.2 via em0.0

192.168.2.0/24     *[Static/5] 00:00:10

                    > to 10.1.1.3 via em0.0

 

[edit routing-options]

 

 

Indirect Next Hop

 

By default, Junos OS requires the next-hop IP address of static routes to be reachable using a direct route since it doesn't perform a recursive lookups. You can use the resolve option to alter this behavior. It's recommended to use a dynamic routing protocol instead of a static route to resolve indirect next hops.

 

jadmin@JR-1> edit   // ALTERNATE TO configure

Entering configuration mode

Users currently editing the configuration:

  jadmin terminal p0 (pid 3731) on since 2020-10-21 00:45:43 SGT, idle 00:08:09

      [edit routing-options]

 

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# edit routing-options

 

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 192.168.3.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.3 ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

  active               Remove inactive route from forwarding table

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> as-path              Autonomous system path

  backup-pe-group      Multicast source redundancy group

> bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) options

> color                Color (preference) value

> color2               Color (preference) value 2

+ community            BGP community identifier

  install              Install route into forwarding table

> lsp-next-hop         LSP next hop

> metric               Metric value

> metric2              Metric value 2

> metric3              Metric value 3

> metric4              Metric value 4

+ next-hop             Next hop to destination

  no-install           Don't install route into forwarding table

  no-readvertise       Don't mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  no-resolve           Don't allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  no-retain            Don't always keep route in forwarding table

> p2mp-lsp-next-hop    Point-to-multipoint LSP next hop

  passive              Retain inactive route in forwarding table

> preference           Preference value

> preference2          Preference value 2

> qualified-next-hop   Next hop with qualifiers

  readvertise          Mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  resolve              Allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  retain               Always keep route in forwarding table

> static-lsp-next-hop  Static LSP next hop

> tag                  Tag string

> tag2                 Tag string 2

  |                    Pipe through a command

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 192.168.3.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.3 resolve

 

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# show

rib inet6.0 {

    static {

        route 0::/0 next-hop 2001::1;

    }

}

static {

    route 192.168.1.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.2;

    route 192.168.2.0/24 {

        next-hop 10.1.1.3;

        no-readvertise;

    }

    route 192.168.3.0/24 {

        next-hop 10.1.1.3;

        resolve;

    }

}

 

[edit routing-options]

 

 

Qualified Next Hop (Floating Static Route)

 

The qualified-next-hop option allows independent preferences for static routes towards the same destination network.

 

jadmin@JR-1> configure

Entering configuration mode

Users currently editing the configuration:

  jadmin terminal p0 (pid 3731) on since 2020-10-21 00:45:43 SGT, idle 00:19:00

      [edit routing-options]

 

[edit]

jadmin@JR-1# edit routing-options

 

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 192.168.10.1 ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

  active               Remove inactive route from forwarding table

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> as-path              Autonomous system path

  backup-pe-group      Multicast source redundancy group

> bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) options

> color                Color (preference) value

> color2               Color (preference) value 2

+ community            BGP community identifier

  install              Install route into forwarding table

> lsp-next-hop         LSP next hop

> metric               Metric value

> metric2              Metric value 2

> metric3              Metric value 3

> metric4              Metric value 4

+ next-hop             Next hop to destination

  no-install           Don't install route into forwarding table

  no-readvertise       Don't mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  no-resolve           Don't allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  no-retain            Don't always keep route in forwarding table

> p2mp-lsp-next-hop    Point-to-multipoint LSP next hop

  passive              Retain inactive route in forwarding table

> preference           Preference value

> preference2          Preference value 2

> qualified-next-hop   Next hop with qualifiers

  readvertise          Mark route as eligible to be readvertised

  resolve              Allow resolution of indirectly connected next hops

  retain               Always keep route in forwarding table

> static-lsp-next-hop  Static LSP next hop

> tag                  Tag string

> tag2                 Tag string 2

  |                    Pipe through a command

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 192.168.10.1 qualified-next-hop ?

Possible completions:

  <nexthop>            Next hop to destination

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 192.168.10.1 qualified-next-hop 192.168.10.254

 

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 192.168.10.1 qualified-next-hop 192.168.10.254 ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these group

> bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) optio

  interface            Interface of qualified next hop

  mac-address          Next-hop Mac Address

  metric               Metric of qualified next hop

  preference           Preference of qualified next hop

  |                    Pipe through a command

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 192.168.10.1 qualified-next-hop 192.168.10.254 preference ?

Possible completions:

  <preference>         Preference of qualified next hop

[edit routing-options]

jadmin@JR-1# set static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 192.168.10.1 qualified-next-hop 192.168.10.254 preference 7

 

[edit routing-options]

 

jadmin@JR-1# show

rib inet6.0 {

    static {

        route 0::/0 next-hop 2001::1;

    }

}

static {

    route 192.168.1.0/24 next-hop 10.1.1.2;

    route 192.168.2.0/24 {

        next-hop 10.1.1.3;

        no-readvertise;

    }

    route 192.168.3.0/24 {

        next-hop 10.1.1.3;

        resolve;

    }

    route 0.0.0.0/0 {

        next-hop 192.168.10.1;    // PRIMARY NEXT HOP WITH DEFAULT PREFERENCE 5

        qualified-next-hop 192.168.10.254 {     // SECONDARY NEXT HOP WITH USER DEFINED PREFERENCE 7; FLOATING STATIC ROUTE IN CISCO

            preference 7;

        }

    }

}

 

 

Dynamic Routing

 

You simply configure the network interfaces to participate in a dynamic routing protocol. Devices running the same routing protocol can dynamically learn routing information from each other.

 

The benefits of dynamic routing include:

  • Lower administrative overhead - the device learns routing information automatically, which eliminates the need for manual route definition.
  • Increased network availability - during a network failure, dynamic routing can reroute traffic automatically
  • Greater network scalability - the device easily manage network growth by dynamically learning routes

 

I modified my Juniper virtual by directly connecting two Juniper VM routers.

To view the network adapter in VirtualBox, go to Tools > Network.

By default, there's only a single VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter. You can add network adapters for the VM as needed.

 

In my Junos virtual lab, I just needed one VirtualBox Ethernet adapter to connect between two Junos Olive VM.

 

Under DHCP Server > deselect Enable.

 

To add the Junos VM in VirtualBox, go to File > Import Appliance.

Locate the Juniper Olive VM OVA file > click Next.

Deselect DVD and Sound Card > review VM settings > click Import.

Select the Junos VM > click Settings.

Go to Network > Adapter 1 tab > select: Enable Network Adapter > select Attached to: Bridged Adapter.

Select Name: Microsoft Loopback Adapter > click OK.

 

This will be the connection between my Windows machine and Junos VM for local management access (Telnet/SSH).

 

Leave the default settings under the Advanced section.

Go to Adapter 2 tab > select: Enable Network Adapter > select Attached to: Host-only Adapter > select Name: VirtualBox Host-Only Ethernet Adapter > click OK.

 

Leave the default settings under the Advanced section.

 

Rename the Junos VM under General > Basic tab > Name: JR1 > click OK.

Create another Junos Olive VM using the same steps above except there's only a Host-Only Network Adapter.

 

You can either manually import the VM again or clone by doing a right-click on JR1 VM > select Clone.

 


The JR1 VM will have interfaces em0 (Adapter 1) and em1 (Adapter 2), respectively.

 

Interface em0 will be the configured to connect my Windows machine and em1 for the link to JR2.

 

Below are the base configuration commands in JR1.

 

configure

 

set system host-name JR1

 

set system root-authentication plain-text-password

juniper123

 

set system services telnet

set system services ssh root-login allow

 

set system login message "Juniper VM Lab - JR1 "

 

set interfaces em0 unit 0 family inet address 10.1.1.1/24

 

set interfaces em1 unit 0 family inet address 172.25.1.1/30

 

set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 172.20.1.1/32

 

edit system login

 

set user jadmin class super-user

set user jadmin authentication plain-text-password

jadmin123

 

commit


jadmin@JR1> request system configuration rescue save   // SAVE A BASELINE CONFIG IN CASE OF A ROLLBACK

 

jadmin@JR1> show configuration

## Last commit: 2020-10-25 10:35:53 UTC by jadmin

version 12.1R1.9;

system {

    host-name JR1;

    root-authentication {

        encrypted-password "$1$z1.L2Pfo$sR97/UUK7PPZX2RA2Fumz1"; ## SECRET-DATA

    }

    login {

        message "Juniper VM Lab - JR1";

        user jadmin {

            uid 2000;

            class super-user;

            authentication {

                encrypted-password "$1$A42xsAPa$JTE2sbr19Nw1D6.QzhoWF."; ## SEC

ET-DATA

            }

        }

    }

    services {

        ssh {

            root-login allow;

        }

        telnet;

    }

    syslog {

        user * {

            any emergency;

        }

        file messages {

            any notice;

            authorization info;

        }

        file interactive-commands {

            interactive-commands any;

        }

    }

}

interfaces {

    em0 {

        unit 0 {

            family inet {

                address 10.1.1.1/24;

            }

        }

    }

    em1 {

        unit 0 {

            family inet {

                address 172.25.1.1/30;   // LAYER 3 LINK TO JR2

            }

        }

    }

    lo0 {

        unit 0 {

            family inet {

                address 172.20.1.1/32;

            }

        }

    }

}

 

 

Below are the base configuration on JR2. Notice there's only em0 interface (Adapter 1).

 

jadmin@JR1> telnet 172.25.1.2

Trying 172.25.1.2...

Connected to 172.25.1.2.

Escape character is '^]'.

Juniper VM Lab - JR2

 

JR2 (ttyp0)

 

login: jadmin

Password:

 

--- JUNOS 12.1R1.9 built 2012-03-24 12:52:33 UTC

jadmin@JR2> show configuration

## Last commit: 2020-10-25 10:44:03 UTC by root

version 12.1R1.9;

system {

    host-name JR2;

    root-authentication {

        encrypted-password "$1$rP2JRJrT$OduXdfKa5/ZvMyrI44PiI."; ## SECRET-DATA

    }

    login {

        message "Juniper VM Lab - JR2";

        user jadmin {

            uid 2000;

            class super-user;

            authentication {

                encrypted-password "$1$Z7dp.tdz$1p0033n2IiAt9nCYId1HM0"; ## SECR

ET-DATA

            }

        }

    }

    services {

        ssh {

            root-login allow;

        }

        telnet;

    }

    syslog {

        user * {

            any emergency;

        }

        file messages {

            any notice;

            authorization info;

        }

        file interactive-commands {

            interactive-commands any;

        }

    }

}

interfaces {

    em0 {

        unit 0 {

            family inet {

                address 172.25.1.2/30;   // LAYER 3 LINK TO JR1

            }

        }

    }

    lo0 {

        unit 0 {

            family inet {

                address 172.20.2.1/32;

            }

        }

    }

}

 

 

jadmin@JR2> ping 172.25.1.1 count 10 rapid

PING 172.25.1.1 (172.25.1.1): 56 data bytes

!!!!!!!!!!

--- 172.25.1.1 ping statistics ---

10 packets transmitted, 10 packets received, 0% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.451/0.839/1.591/0.348 ms

 

jadmin@JR2> request system configuration rescue save

 

Case Study: Configuring OSPF


jadmin@JR1> configure

Entering configuration mode

Users currently editing the configuration:

  root terminal v0 (pid 1488) on since 2020-10-25 10:26:47 UTC, idle 00:29:19

      [edit system login]

 

[edit]

jadmin@JR1# edit protocols ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

> ancp                 Access Node Control Protocol options

> bfd                  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) options

> bgp                  BGP options

> connections          Circuit cross-connect configuration

> dot1x                802.1X options

> dvmrp                DVMRP options

> igmp                 IGMP options

> ilmi                 Interim Local Management Interface Protocol configuration

> isis                 IS-IS options

> l2circuit            Configuration for Layer 2 circuits over MPLS

> l2iw                 Configuration for Layer 2 interworking

> lacp                 Link Aggregation Control Protocol configuration

> ldp                  LDP options

> link-management      LMP options

> lldp                 Link Layer Detection Protocol

> mld                  MLD options

> mpls                 Multiprotocol Label Switching options

> msdp                 MSDP configuration

> mvrp                 MVRP configuration

> oam                  Operation, Administration, and Management configuration

> ospf                 OSPF configuration

> ospf3                OSPFv3 configuration

> pgm                  PGM options

> pim                  PIM configuration

> ppp                  Configure PPP process

> ppp-service          Configure PPP service

> pppoe                Configure PPPoE process

> rip                  RIP options

> ripng                RIPng options

> router-advertisement  IPv6 router advertisement options

> router-discovery     ICMP router discovery options

> rsvp                 RSVP options

> sap                  Session Advertisement Protocol options

> vrrp                 VRRP options

  |                    Pipe through a command

[edit]

jadmin@JR1# edit protocols ospf

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR1# set area ?

Possible completions:

  <area_id>            Area ID

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR1# set area 0 interface em0.0 ?

Possible completions:

  <[Enter]>            Execute this command

+ apply-groups         Groups from which to inherit configuration data

+ apply-groups-except  Don't inherit configuration data from these groups

> authentication

> bandwidth-based-metrics  Configure bandwidth based metrics

> bfd-liveness-detection  Bidirectional Forwarding Detection options

  dead-interval        Dead interval (seconds) (1..65535)

  demand-circuit       Interface functions as a demand circuit

  disable              Disable OSPF on this interface

  dynamic-neighbors    Learn neighbors dynamically on a p2mp interface

  flood-reduction      Enable flood reduction

  hello-interval       Hello interval (seconds) (1..255)

  interface-type       Type of interface

  ipsec-sa             IPSec security association name

> ldp-synchronization  Advertise maximum metric until LDP is operational

  link-protection      Protect interface from link faults only

  metric               Interface metric (1..65535)

> neighbor             NBMA neighbor

  no-eligible-backup   Not eligible to backup traffic from protected interfaces

  no-interface-state-traps  Do not send interface state change traps

  no-neighbor-down-notification  Don't inform other protocols about neighbor dow

n events

  node-link-protection  Protect interface from both link and node faults

> passive              Do not run OSPF, but advertise it

  poll-interval        Poll interval for NBMA interfaces (1..65535)

  priority             Designated router priority (0..255)

  retransmit-interval  Retransmission interval (seconds) (1..65535)

  secondary            Treat interface as secondary

  te-metric            Traffic engineering metric (1..4294967295)

> topology             Topology specific attributes

  transit-delay        Transit delay (seconds) (1..65535)

  |                    Pipe through a command

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR1# set area 0 interface em0.0 passive    // THE passive OPTION PROHIBITS FORMING OSPF NEIGHBOR ADJACENCY SINCE IT'S A LAN SUBNET AND NOT ANOTHER JUNIPER DEVICE

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR1# set area 0 interface em1.0

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR1# set area 0 interface lo0.0

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR1# show

area 0.0.0.0 {

    interface em0.0 {

        passive;

    }

    interface em1.0;

    interface lo0.0;

}

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR1# commit and-quit

commit complete

Exiting configuration mode

 

 

jadmin@JR1> show ospf ?

Possible completions:

  backup               Show OSPF backup information

  context-identifier   Show OSPF context identifier information

  database             Show OSPF link-state database

  interface            Show OSPF interface status information

  io-statistics        Show OSPF I/O statistics

  log                  Show shortest-path-first calculations from OSPF log

  neighbor             Show OSPF neighbor status information

  overview             Show overview of OSPF information

  route                Show OSPF routing table

  statistics           Show OSPF statistics

jadmin@JR1> show ospf neighbor

Address          Interface              State     ID               Pri  Dead

172.25.1.2       em1.0                  Full      172.20.2.1       128    31    // FULL MEANS OSPF NEIGHBORS CAN EXCHANGE ROUTING INFO

 

jadmin@JR1> show ospf database

 

    OSPF database, Area 0.0.0.0

 Type       ID               Adv Rtr           Seq      Age  Opt  Cksum  Len

Router  *172.20.1.1       172.20.1.1       0x80000004   103  0x22 0x79b1  60

Router   172.20.2.1       172.20.2.1       0x80000004    99  0x22 0xb192  48

Network *172.25.1.1       172.20.1.1       0x80000001   103  0x22 0xb774  32

 

jadmin@JR1> show ospf interface

Interface           State   Area            DR ID           BDR ID          Nbrs

em0.0               DRother 0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0         0.0.0.0            0

em1.0               DR      0.0.0.0         172.20.1.1      172.20.2.1         1

lo0.0               DR      0.0.0.0         172.20.1.1      0.0.0.0            0

 

jadmin@JR1> show ospf io-statistics

Packets read: 9, average per run: 1.00, max run: 0

 

Receive errors:

  None

 

jadmin@JR1> show ospf log

Topology default SPF log:

 

   Last instance of each event type

When            Type            Elapsed

00:02:36        SPF             0.000133

00:02:36        Stub            0.000062

00:02:36        Interarea       0.000116

00:02:36        External        0.000003

00:02:36        NSSA            0.000003

00:02:36        Cleanup         0.003071

 

   Maximum length of each event type

When            Type            Elapsed

00:02:43        SPF             0.002320

00:07:42        Stub            0.001925

00:02:36        Interarea       0.000116

00:02:43        External        0.000003

00:07:47        NSSA            0.000009

00:02:36        Cleanup         0.003071

 

   Last 100 events

When            Type            Elapsed

 

00:07:47        SPF             0.000019

00:07:47        Stub            0.000011

00:07:47        Interarea       0.000001

00:07:47        External        0.000001

00:07:47        NSSA            0.000009

00:07:47        Cleanup         0.000923

00:07:47          Total         0.001435

00:07:42        SPF             0.000016

00:07:42        Stub            0.001925

00:07:42        Interarea       0.000003

00:07:42        External        0.000002

00:07:42        NSSA            0.000002

00:07:42        Cleanup         0.000029

00:07:42          Total         0.001998

00:02:43        SPF             0.002320

00:02:43        Stub            0.000015

00:02:43        Interarea       0.000003

00:02:43        External        0.000003

00:02:43        NSSA            0.000002

00:02:43        Cleanup         0.000028

00:02:43          Total         0.002451

00:02:36        SPF             0.000133

00:02:36        Stub            0.000062

00:02:36        Interarea       0.000116

00:02:36        External        0.000003

00:02:36        NSSA            0.000003

00:02:36        Cleanup         0.003071

00:02:36          Total         0.003569

 

jadmin@JR1> show ospf overview

Instance: master

  Router ID: 172.20.1.1

  Route table index: 0

  LSA refresh time: 50 minutes

  Area: 0.0.0.0

    Stub type: Not Stub

    Authentication Type: None

    Area border routers: 0, AS boundary routers: 0

    Neighbors

      Up (in full state): 1

  Topology: default (ID 0)

    Prefix export count: 0

    Full SPF runs: 4

    SPF delay: 0.200000 sec, SPF holddown: 5 sec, SPF rapid runs: 3

    Backup SPF: Not Needed

 

jadmin@JR1> show ospf route

Topology default Route Table:

 

Prefix             Path  Route      NH       Metric NextHop       Nexthop

                   Type  Type       Type            Interface     Address/LSP

172.20.2.1         Intra Router     IP            1 em1.0         172.25.1.2

10.1.1.0/24        Intra Network    IP            1 em0.0

172.20.1.1/32      Intra Network    IP            0 lo0.0

172.20.2.1/32      Intra Network    IP            1 em1.0         172.25.1.2

172.25.1.0/30      Intra Network    IP            1 em1.0

 

jadmin@JR1> show ospf statistics

 

Packet type             Total                  Last 5 seconds

                   Sent      Received        Sent      Received

   Hello             72            29           1             0

     DbD              3             2           0             0

   LSReq              1             1           0             0

LSUpdate              2             2           0             0

   LSAck              2             1           0             0

 

DBDs retransmitted     :                    0, last 5 seconds :          0

LSAs flooded           :                    0, last 5 seconds :          0

LSAs flooded high-prio :                    2, last 5 seconds :          0

LSAs retransmitted     :                    0, last 5 seconds :          0

LSAs transmitted to nbr:                    1, last 5 seconds :          0

LSAs requested         :                    1, last 5 seconds :          0

LSAs acknowledged      :                    2, last 5 seconds :          0

 

Flood queue depth      :               0

Total rexmit entries   :               0

db summaries           :               0

lsreq entries          :               0

 

Receive errors:

  None

 

jadmin@JR1> show route protocol ?

Possible completions:

  access               Access route

  access-internal      Access-internal route

  aggregate            Locally generated aggregate route

  bgp                  Border Gateway Protocol

  ccc                  Circuit cross-connect

  direct               Directly connected routes

  dvmrp                Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol

  esis                 End System-to-Intermediate System

  flow                 Locally defined flow route

  isis                 Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System

  l2circuit            Layer 2 circuit

  l2vpn                Layer 2 virtual private network

  ldp                  Label Distribution Protocol

  local                Local system addresses

  mpls                 Multiprotocol Label Switching

  msdp                 Multicast Source Discovery Protocol

  mvpn                 BGP-MVPN Protocol

  ospf                 Open Shortest Path First

  ospf2                Open Shortest Path First Version 2

  ospf3                Open Shortest Path First Version 3

  pim                  Protocol Independent Multicast

  rip                  Routing Information Protocol

  ripng                Routing Information Protocol for IPv6

  rsvp                 Resource Reservation Protocol

  rtarget              Local route target VPN membership

  static               Statically defined prefixes

  tunnel               Dynamic tunnel

  vpn                  Layer 3 virtual private network

jadmin@JR1> show route protocol ospf

 

inet.0: 7 destinations, 7 routes (7 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

 

172.20.2.1/32      *[OSPF/10] 00:04:12, metric 1

                    > to 172.25.1.2 via em1.0

224.0.0.5/32       *[OSPF/10] 00:09:23, metric 1

                      MultiRecv


jadmin@JR2> configure

Entering configuration mode

Users currently editing the configuration:

  root terminal v0 (pid 1482) on since 2020-10-25 10:39:29 UTC, idle 00:19:03

      [edit system login]

 

[edit]

jadmin@JR2# edit protocols ospf

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR2# set area 0 interface em0.0

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR2# set area 0 interface lo0.0

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR2# show

area 0.0.0.0 {

    interface em0.0;

    interface lo0.0;

}

 

[edit protocols ospf]

jadmin@JR2# commit and-quit

Exiting configuration mode

 

jadmin@JR2> show ospf neighbor

Address          Interface              State     ID               Pri  Dead

172.25.1.1       em0.0                  Full      172.20.1.1       128    39

 

jadmin@JR2> show route protocol ospf

 

inet.0: 6 destinations, 6 routes (6 active, 0 holddown, 0 hidden)

+ = Active Route, - = Last Active, * = Both

 

10.1.1.0/24        *[OSPF/10] 00:07:07, metric 2

                    > to 172.25.1.1 via em0.0

172.20.1.1/32      *[OSPF/10] 00:07:07, metric 1

                    > to 172.25.1.1 via em0.0

224.0.0.5/32       *[OSPF/10] 00:11:25, metric 1

                      MultiRecv

 

jadmin@JR1# show | display set

set version 12.1R1.9

set system host-name JR1

set system root-authentication encrypted-password "$1$z1.L2Pfo$sR97/UUK7PPZX2RA2

Fumz1"

set system login message "Juniper VM Lab - JR1"

set system login user jadmin uid 2000

set system login user jadmin class super-user

set system login user jadmin authentication encrypted-password "$1$A42xsAPa$JTE2

sbr19Nw1D6.QzhoWF."

set system services ssh root-login allow

set system services telnet

set system syslog user * any emergency

set system syslog file messages any notice

set system syslog file messages authorization info

set system syslog file interactive-commands interactive-commands any

set interfaces em0 unit 0 family inet address 10.1.1.1/24

set interfaces em1 unit 0 family inet address 172.25.1.1/30

set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 172.20.1.1/32

set routing-options static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 10.1.1.10

set protocols ospf export default-route-ospf

set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface em0.0 passive

set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface em1.0

set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.0

 

 

jadmin@JR2# show | display set

set version 12.1R1.9

set system host-name JR2

set system root-authentication encrypted-password "$1$rP2JRJrT$OduXdfKa5/ZvMyrI4

4PiI."

set system login message "Juniper VM Lab - JR2"

set system login user jadmin uid 2000

set system login user jadmin class super-user

set system login user jadmin authentication encrypted-password "$1$Z7dp.tdz$1p00

33n2IiAt9nCYId1HM0"

set system services ssh root-login allow

set system services telnet

set system syslog user * any emergency

set system syslog file messages any notice

set system syslog file messages authorization info

set system syslog file interactive-commands interactive-commands any

set interfaces em0 unit 0 family inet address 172.25.1.2/30

set interfaces lo0 unit 0 family inet address 172.20.2.1/32

set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.0

set protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0 interface em0.0

 

 

Below are the configuration commands in JR1 and JR2, respectively.

 

JR1

 

edit protocols ospf

 

set area 0 interface em0.0 passive

 

set area 0 interface em1.0

 

set area 0 interface lo0.0

 

show

 

commit and-quit

 

show ospf neighbor

 

show route protocol ospf

 

 

JR2

 

edit protocols ospf

 

set area 0 interface em0.0

 

set area 0 interface lo0.0

 

show

 

commit and-quit

 

show ospf neighbor

 

show route protocol ospf


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