A label switch router (LSR) is a router that supports MPLS. It is capable of understanding MPLS labels and of receiving and transmitting a labeled packet on a data link.
A label switched path (LSP) is a sequence of LSRs that switch a labeled packet through an MPLS network or part of an MPLS network. Basically, the LSP is the path through the MPLS network or a part of it that packets take.
A Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) is a group or flow of packets that are forwarded along the same path and are treated the same with regard to the forwarding treatment.
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is label distribution protocol that distribute the labels for IGP prefixes. TDP, which predates LDP, was the first protocol for label distribution developed and implemented by Cisco. However, TDP is proprietary to Cisco. The IETF later formalized LDP.
The routing table (sometimes called the routing instance base, or RIB) determines what the next hop of the IPv4 prefix is.
The Label Forwarding Instance Base (LFIB) is the table used to forward labeled packets. It is populated with the incoming and outgoing labels for the LSPs.
In Cisco IOS, Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) switching is the only IP switching mode that you can use to label packets. Other IP switching modes, such as fast switching, cannot be used, because the fast switching cache does not hold information on labels.
Here's a nice link explaining MPLS basic operation.
A label switched path (LSP) is a sequence of LSRs that switch a labeled packet through an MPLS network or part of an MPLS network. Basically, the LSP is the path through the MPLS network or a part of it that packets take.
A Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) is a group or flow of packets that are forwarded along the same path and are treated the same with regard to the forwarding treatment.
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) is label distribution protocol that distribute the labels for IGP prefixes. TDP, which predates LDP, was the first protocol for label distribution developed and implemented by Cisco. However, TDP is proprietary to Cisco. The IETF later formalized LDP.
The routing table (sometimes called the routing instance base, or RIB) determines what the next hop of the IPv4 prefix is.
The Label Forwarding Instance Base (LFIB) is the table used to forward labeled packets. It is populated with the incoming and outgoing labels for the LSPs.
In Cisco IOS, Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) switching is the only IP switching mode that you can use to label packets. Other IP switching modes, such as fast switching, cannot be used, because the fast switching cache does not hold information on labels.
Here's a nice link explaining MPLS basic operation.
R2-P1#show
mpls ?
discovery Information about LSP discovery
flow MPLS netflow information
forwarding-table Show the Label Forwarding Table
interfaces Per-interface MPLS forwarding
information
ip MPLS IP information
l2transport MPLS circuit transport info
label Label information
ldp Label Distribution Protocol
information
memory Memory usage information
oam OAM information
static Show MPLS static information
traffic-eng Traffic engineering information
R2-P1#show
mpls ldp ?
backoff LDP session setup backoff table
bindings Show the LDP Label Information Base
(LIB)
capabilities Display LDP Capabilities information
discovery Display sources for locally generated
LDP Discovery Hello
PDUs
graceful-restart Show Graceful Restart summary
igp IGP-related info
neighbor Display LDP neighbor information
parameters Display LDP configuration parameters
R2-P1#show
mpls ldp neighbor
Peer LDP Ident: 10.1.1.1:0; Local LDP Ident 10.2.2.2:0
TCP connection: 10.1.1.1.646 -
10.2.2.2.59213
State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 5235/5214;
Downstream
Up time: 3d04h
LDP discovery sources:
FastEthernet0/0, Src IP addr:
10.12.0.1
Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident:
10.12.0.1 10.1.1.1
Peer LDP Ident: 10.3.3.3:0; Local LDP Ident 10.2.2.2:0
TCP connection: 10.3.3.3.24330 -
10.2.2.2.646
State: Oper; Msgs sent/rcvd: 3250/3253;
Downstream
Up time: 1d23h
LDP discovery sources:
FastEthernet1/1, Src IP addr:
10.23.0.3
Addresses bound to peer LDP Ident:
10.34.0.3 10.23.0.3 10.3.3.3
R2-P1#show
mpls ldp binding 10.5.5.5 32
lib entry: 10.5.5.5/32, rev 8
local binding: label: 202
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
102
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
317
R2-P1#show
ip route 10.5.5.5 // R2-P2 CHOOSES
R3-P2 TO REACH 10.5.5.5/32 (UNIDIRECTIONAL LSP)
Routing
entry for 10.5.5.5/32
Known via "ospf 1", distance 110,
metric 4, type intra area
Last update from 10.23.0.3 on FastEthernet1/1,
3d04h ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 10.23.0.3, from 10.5.5.5, 3d04h ago, via
FastEthernet1/1
Route metric is 4, traffic share count is
1
R2-P1#show
mpls forwarding-table 10.5.5.5
Local Outgoing
Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing
Next Hop
Label Label
or Tunnel Id Switched interface
202 317 10.5.5.5/32 0 Fa1/1 10.23.0.3
R2-P1#configure
terminal
Enter
configuration commands, one per line.
End with CNTL/Z.
R2-P1(config)#ip
route 10.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 10.12.0.1
// BREAK/TEST LSP TO HOP R1
R2-P1(config)#
R2-P1(config)#do
show ip route
Codes: L
- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -
OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF
external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -
IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate
default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static
route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop
override
Gateway
of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11
subnets, 2 masks
O 10.1.1.1/32 [110/2] via 10.12.0.1,
3d04h, FastEthernet0/0
C 10.2.2.2/32 is directly connected,
Loopback0
O 10.3.3.3/32 [110/2] via 10.23.0.3,
3d04h, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.4.4.4/32 [110/3] via 10.23.0.3,
3d04h, FastEthernet1/1
S
10.5.5.5/32 [1/0] via 10.12.0.1
C 10.12.0.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0
L 10.12.0.2/32 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0
C 10.23.0.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet1/1
L 10.23.0.2/32 is directly connected,
FastEthernet1/1
O 10.34.0.0/24 [110/2] via 10.23.0.3,
3d04h, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.45.0.0/24 [110/3] via 10.23.0.3,
3d04h, FastEthernet1/1
R2-P1(config)#do
show mpls forwarding-table 10.5.5.5
Local Outgoing
Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing
Next Hop
Label Label
or Tunnel Id Switched interface
202 102 10.5.5.5/32 0 Fa0/0 10.12.0.1
R2-P1(config)#do
ping 10.5.5.5
Type
escape sequence to abort.
Sending
5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success
rate is 0 percent (0/5)
R2-P1(config)#
R2-P1(config)#do
show mpls forwarding-table 10.5.5.5
Local Outgoing
Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing
Next Hop
Label Label
or Tunnel Id Switched interface
202 102 10.5.5.5/32 193040 Fa0/0 10.12.0.1 // BYTES INCREASED DUE TO A PING LOOP (AND
TTL EXPIRED)
R2-P1(config)#no
ip route 10.5.5.5 255.255.255.255 10.12.0.1
R2-P1(config)#end
R2-P1#
R2-P1#show
ip route 10.5.5.5
*Nov 14
16:33:23.384: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2-P1#show
mpls forwarding-table 10.5.5.5
Local Outgoing
Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing
Next Hop
Label Label
or Tunnel Id Switched interface
202 317 10.5.5.5/32 0 Fa1/1 10.23.0.3
R2-P1#ping
10.5.5.5
Type
escape sequence to abort.
Sending
5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success
rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/32 ms
Define
MPLS jargons: RIB, LIB, FIB, LFIB, CEF, LDP
R2-P1#show
ip ospf 1 ?
<0-4294967295> OSPF area ID as a decimal number
A.B.C.D OSPF area ID in IP address format
border-routers Border and Boundary Router Information
database Database summary
events OSPF event information
flood-list Link state flood list
interface Interface information
max-metric Max-metric origination information
mpls MPLS related information
neighbor Neighbor list
nsf Non-stop forwarding state
information
request-list Link state request list
retransmission-list Link state retransmission list
rib Routing Information Base
(RIB)
sham-links Sham link information
statistics Various OSPF Statistics
summary-address Summary-address redistribution
Information
timers OSPF timers information
topology-info Topology Info
traffic Traffic related statistics
virtual-links Virtual link information
| Output modifiers
<cr>
R2-P1#show
ip ospf 1 rib
OSPF Router with ID (10.2.2.2)
(Process ID 1)
Base Topology (MTID 0)
OSPF
local RIB
Codes: *
- Best, > - Installed in global RIB
*> 10.1.1.1/32, Intra, cost 2, area 0
via 10.12.0.1, FastEthernet0/0
* 10.2.2.2/32, Intra, cost 1, area 0,
Connected // DIRECTLY CONNECTED
INTERFACE
via 10.2.2.2, Loopback0
*> 10.3.3.3/32, Intra, cost 2, area 0
via 10.23.0.3, FastEthernet1/1
*> 10.4.4.4/32, Intra, cost 3, area 0
via 10.23.0.3, FastEthernet1/1
*> 10.5.5.5/32, Intra, cost 4, area 0
via 10.23.0.3, FastEthernet1/1
* 10.12.0.0/24, Intra, cost 1, area 0,
Connected // DIRECTLY CONNECTED
INTERFACE
via 10.12.0.2, FastEthernet0/0
* 10.23.0.0/24, Intra, cost 1, area 0,
Connected // DIRECTLY CONNECTED
INTERFACE
via 10.23.0.2, FastEthernet1/1
*> 10.34.0.0/24, Intra, cost 2, area 0
via 10.23.0.3, FastEthernet1/1
*> 10.45.0.0/24, Intra, cost 3, area 0
via 10.23.0.3, FastEthernet1/1
R2-P1#show
ip route ospf
Codes: L
- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -
OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF
external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -
IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate
default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static
route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop
override
Gateway
of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11
subnets, 2 masks
O 10.1.1.1/32 [110/2] via 10.12.0.1,
03:49:17, FastEthernet0/0
O 10.3.3.3/32 [110/2] via 10.23.0.3,
03:48:15, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.4.4.4/32 [110/3] via 10.23.0.3,
03:46:55, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.5.5.5/32 [110/4] via 10.23.0.3,
03:45:49, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.34.0.0/24 [110/2] via 10.23.0.3,
03:48:15, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.45.0.0/24 [110/3] via 10.23.0.3,
03:46:55, FastEthernet1/1
R2-P1#show
ip route
Codes: L
- local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O -
OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 -
OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF
external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 -
IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate
default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static
route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop
override
Gateway
of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 11
subnets, 2 masks
O 10.1.1.1/32 [110/2] via 10.12.0.1,
03:49:32, FastEthernet0/0
C 10.2.2.2/32 is directly connected,
Loopback0 // DIRECTLY CONNECTED
INTERFACE
O 10.3.3.3/32 [110/2] via 10.23.0.3,
03:48:30, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.4.4.4/32 [110/3] via 10.23.0.3,
03:47:10, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.5.5.5/32 [110/4] via 10.23.0.3,
03:46:04, FastEthernet1/1
C 10.12.0.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0 // DIRECTLY
CONNECTED INTERFACE
L 10.12.0.2/32 is directly connected,
FastEthernet0/0
C 10.23.0.0/24 is directly connected,
FastEthernet1/1 // DIRECTLY
CONNECTED INTERFACE
L 10.23.0.2/32 is directly connected,
FastEthernet1/1
O 10.34.0.0/24 [110/2] via 10.23.0.3,
03:48:30, FastEthernet1/1
O 10.45.0.0/24 [110/3] via 10.23.0.3,
03:47:10, FastEthernet1/1
R2-P1#show
mpls ldp ?
backoff LDP session setup backoff table
bindings Show the LDP Label Information Base
(LIB)
capabilities Display LDP Capabilities information
discovery Display sources for locally generated
LDP Discovery Hello
PDUs
graceful-restart Show Graceful Restart summary
igp IGP-related info
neighbor Display LDP neighbor information
parameters Display LDP configuration parameters
R2-P1#show
mpls ldp bindings // LIB
lib entry: 10.1.1.1/32, rev 2
local binding: label: 200
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
301
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
imp-null
lib entry: 10.2.2.2/32, rev 4
local binding: label: imp-null
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
300
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
100
lib entry: 10.3.3.3/32, rev 6
local binding: label: 201
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
imp-null
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
102
lib entry: 10.4.4.4/32, rev 14
local binding: label: 203
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
303
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
104
lib entry: 10.5.5.5/32, rev 18
local binding: label: 205
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
106
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
305
lib entry: 10.12.0.0/24, rev 8
local binding: label: imp-null
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
302
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
imp-null
lib entry: 10.23.0.0/24, rev 10
local binding: label: imp-null
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
imp-null
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
101
lib entry: 10.34.0.0/24, rev 12
local binding: label: 202
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
imp-null
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
103
lib entry: 10.45.0.0/24, rev 16
local binding: label: 204
remote binding: lsr: 10.3.3.3:0, label:
304
remote binding: lsr: 10.1.1.1:0, label:
105
R2-P1#show
mpls forwarding-table // LFIB
Local Outgoing
Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing
Next Hop
Label Label
or Tunnel Id Switched interface
200 Pop Label 10.1.1.1/32 0 Fa0/0 10.12.0.1
201 Pop Label 10.3.3.3/32 0 Fa1/1 10.23.0.3
202 Pop Label 10.34.0.0/24 0 Fa1/1 10.23.0.3
203 303 10.4.4.4/32 0 Fa1/1 10.23.0.3
204 304 10.45.0.0/24 0 Fa1/1 10.23.0.3
205 305 10.5.5.5/32 540 Fa1/1 10.23.0.3
R2-P1#show
ip cef 10.5.5.5 ?
A.B.C.D
prefix mask
checksum
Display FIB entry checksums
detail
Display full information
internal
Display internal data structures
platform
Display platform specific data structures
|
Output modifiers
<cr>
R2-P1#show
ip cef 10.5.5.5 detail
10.5.5.5/32,
epoch 0
local label info: global/205
nexthop
10.23.0.3 FastEthernet1/1 label 305
LDP
Router ID
- used as transport IP address for Hello message
- IP should be reachable by LDP neighbor (LSR)
- Manually configured
- Highest Loopback IP
- Highest IP on active interface
R1-PE1#traceroute
10.5.5.5
Type
escape sequence to abort.
Tracing
the route to 10.5.5.5
VRF info:
(vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.12.0.2 [MPLS: Label 205 Exp 0] 116 msec
116 msec 68 msec
2 10.23.0.3 [MPLS: Label 305 Exp 0] 64 msec
60 msec 40 msec
3 10.34.0.4 [MPLS: Label 405 Exp 0] 56 msec
44 msec 12 msec
4 10.45.0.5 92 msec 72 msec 60 msec
R3-P2#show
mpls ldp ?
backoff LDP session setup backoff table
bindings Show the LDP Label Information Base
(LIB)
capabilities Display LDP Capabilities information
discovery Display sources for locally generated
LDP Discovery Hello
PDUs
graceful-restart Show Graceful Restart summary
igp IGP-related info
neighbor Display LDP neighbor information
parameters Display LDP configuration parameters
R3-P2#show
mpls ldp discovery ?
all
Display discovery information in all VRFs
detail
Display detailed LDP discovery information
vrf
VRF Routing/Forwarding instance information
|
Output modifiers
<cr>
R3-P2#show mpls ldp discovery detail
Local LDP Identifier:
10.3.3.3:0 // LDP ID <LDP ROUTER
ID>:<LOCAL LABEL SPACE ID>; :0 INDICATES PLATFORM-WIDE LABEL-SPACE
Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
FastEthernet1/0
(ldp): xmit/recv
Enabled: Interface config
Hello interval: 5000 ms; Transport
IP addr: 10.3.3.3
LDP Id: 10.4.4.4:0
Src IP addr: 10.34.0.4; Transport
IP addr: 10.4.4.4
Hold time: 15 sec; Proposed
local/peer: 15/15 sec
Reachable via 10.4.4.4/32
Password: not required, none, in
use
Clients: IPv4
FastEthernet1/1
(ldp): xmit/recv
Enabled: Interface config
Hello interval: 5000 ms; Transport
IP addr: 10.3.3.3
LDP Id: 10.2.2.2:0
Src IP addr: 10.23.0.2; Transport
IP addr: 10.2.2.2
Hold time: 15 sec; Proposed
local/peer: 15/15 sec
Reachable via 10.2.2.2/32
Password: not required, none, in
use
Clients: IPv4
R3-P2#show
ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset
administratively down down
FastEthernet1/0 10.34.0.3 YES manual up up
FastEthernet1/1 10.23.0.3 YES manual up up
Loopback0 10.3.3.3 YES manual up up
R3-P2#
R3-P2#configure
terminal
Enter
configuration commands, one per line.
End with CNTL/Z.
R3-P2(config)#mpls
ldp ?
advertise-labels Label advertisements
backoff Set LDP session backoff parameters
discovery LDP discovery
explicit-null Advertise Explicit Null label in place of
Implicit Null
graceful-restart Configure LDP Graceful Restart
holdtime LDP session holdtime
igp Configure IGP-related LDP
parameters
logging Enable LDP logging
loop-detection Enable LDP Loop Detection
maxhops Limit hop count for LDP LSP setup
neighbor Configure neighbor parameters
password Configure LDP MD5 password
router-id Select interface to prefer for LDP
identifier address
session Configure session parameters
tcp Set TCP parameters for LDP
R3-P2(config)#mpls
ldp router-id ?
Async Async interface
Auto-Template Auto-Template interface
BVI Bridge-Group Virtual Interface
CDMA-Ix CDMA Ix interface
CTunnel CTunnel interface
Dialer Dialer interface
FastEthernet FastEthernet IEEE 802.3
GMPLS MPLS interface
Group-Async Async Group interface
LISP Locator/ID Separation Protocol
Virtual Interface
LongReachEthernet Long-Reach Ethernet interface
Loopback Loopback interface
MFR Multilink Frame Relay bundle
interface
Multilink Multilink-group interface
Null Null interface
Port-channel Ethernet Channel of interfaces
Tunnel Tunnel interface
Vif PGM Multicast Host interface
Virtual-PPP Virtual PPP interface
Virtual-Template Virtual Template interface
Virtual-TokenRing Virtual TokenRing
vmi Virtual Multipoint Interface
R3-P2(config)#mpls
ldp router-id FastEthernet1/1 ?
force
Forcibly change the LDP router id
<cr>
R3-P2(config)#mpls ldp router-id FastEthernet1/1 force // CHANGE LDP ROUTER-ID; IT WILL
TEMPORARILY BREAK LSP
R3-P2(config)#
*Nov 20
10:43:33.553: %TDP-5-INFO: default: TDP ID removed
*Nov 20
10:43:33.565: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.2.2.2:0 (1) is DOWN (LDP Router ID
changed)
*Nov 20
10:43:33.569: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.4.4.4:0 (2) is DOWN (LDP Router ID
changed)
R3-P2(config)#
*Nov 20
10:43:34.709: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.2.2.2:0 (3) is UP
*Nov 20
10:43:35.345: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.4.4.4:0 (4) is UP
R1-PE1#traceroute
10.5.5.5 // LSP IS RE-ESTABLISHED
Type
escape sequence to abort.
Tracing
the route to 10.5.5.5
VRF info:
(vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.12.0.2 [MPLS: Label 205 Exp 0] 96 msec
44 msec 64 msec
2 10.23.0.3 [MPLS: Label 305 Exp 0] 64 msec
56 msec 60 msec
3 10.34.0.4 [MPLS: Label 405 Exp 0] 60 msec
44 msec 44 msec
4 10.45.0.5 44 msec 64 msec 60 msec
R3-P2(config)#do
show mpls ldp discovery detail //
NEW LDP ROUTER-ID IS REACHABLE BY LDP NEIGHBORS
Local LDP Identifier:
10.23.0.3:0
Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
FastEthernet1/0
(ldp): xmit/recv
Enabled: Interface config
Hello interval: 5000 ms; Transport
IP addr: 10.23.0.3
LDP Id: 10.4.4.4:0
Src IP addr: 10.34.0.4; Transport
IP addr: 10.4.4.4
Hold time: 15 sec; Proposed
local/peer: 15/15 sec
Reachable via 10.4.4.4/32
Password: not required, none, in
use
Clients: IPv4
FastEthernet1/1
(ldp): xmit/recv
Enabled: Interface config
Hello interval: 5000 ms; Transport
IP addr: 10.23.0.3
LDP Id: 10.2.2.2:0
Src IP addr: 10.23.0.2; Transport
IP addr: 10.2.2.2
Hold time: 15 sec; Proposed
local/peer: 15/15 sec
Reachable via 10.2.2.2/32
Password: not required, none, in
use
Clients: IPv4
R3-P2(config)#interface
loopback99
R3-P2(config-if)#
*Nov 20
10:47:37.785: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback99,
changed state to up
R3-P2(config-if)#ip
address 10.9.9.9 255.255.255.255
R3-P2(config-if)#
R3-P2(config-if)#do
show ip ospf interface brief //
LOOPBACK99 IS NOT PARTICIPATING IN OSPF 1
Interface PID
Area IP
Address/Mask Cost State Nbrs F/C
Lo0 1
0 10.3.3.3/32 1
LOOP 0/0
Fa1/1 1
0 10.23.0.3/24 1
BDR 1/1
Fa1/0 1
0 10.34.0.3/24 1
DR 1/1
R3-P2(config-if)#mpls ldp router-id loopback99 force
R3-P2(config)#
*Nov 20
10:49:21.289: %TDP-5-INFO: default: TDP ID removed
*Nov 20
10:49:21.293: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.2.2.2:0 (3) is DOWN (LDP Router ID
changed)
*Nov 20
10:49:21.301: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.4.4.4:0 (4) is DOWN (LDP Router ID
changed)
R3-P2(config)#
R3-P2(config)#do
show mpls ldp discovery detail //
LDP NEIGHBORS DIDN'T ESTABLISH SINCE LOOPBACK99 IS NOT REACHABLE VIA OSPF
Local LDP Identifier:
10.9.9.9:0
Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
FastEthernet1/0
(ldp): xmit/recv
Enabled: Interface config
Hello interval: 5000 ms; Transport
IP addr: 10.9.9.9
LDP Id: 10.4.4.4:0
Src IP addr: 10.34.0.4; Transport
IP addr: 10.4.4.4
Hold time: 15 sec; Proposed
local/peer: 15/15 sec
Reachable via 10.4.4.4/32
Password: not required, none, in
use
Clients: IPv4
FastEthernet1/1
(ldp): xmit/recv
Enabled: Interface config
Hello interval: 5000 ms; Transport
IP addr: 10.9.9.9
LDP Id: 10.2.2.2:0
Src IP addr: 10.23.0.2; Transport
IP addr: 10.2.2.2
Hold time: 15 sec; Proposed
local/peer: 15/15 sec
Reachable via 10.2.2.2/32
Password: not required, none, in
use
Clients: IPv4
R1-PE1#traceroute
10.5.5.5
Type
escape sequence to abort.
Tracing
the route to 10.5.5.5
VRF info:
(vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.12.0.2 [MPLS: Label 205 Exp 0] 20 msec
16 msec 16 msec
2 10.23.0.3 20 msec 44 msec 28 msec // NATIVE IP (NO MPLS LABEL)
3 10.34.0.4 64 msec 48 msec 52 msec
4 10.45.0.5 64 msec 60 msec 48 msec
R2-P1#show
mpls forwarding-table 10.5.5.5
Local Outgoing
Prefix Bytes Label Outgoing
Next Hop
Label Label
or Tunnel Id Switched interface
205 No
Label 10.5.5.5/32 378 Fa1/1 10.23.0.3 // NO LDP NEIGHBOR R3
R2-P1#
R2-P1#show
ip cef 10.5.5.5
10.5.5.5/32
nexthop
10.23.0.3 FastEthernet1/1
R3-P2(config)#interface
f1/1
R3-P2(config-if)#mpls
?
accounting
Enable MPLS accounting on this interface
bgp
MPLS BGP commands
ip
Configure dynamic MPLS forwarding for IP
l2transport
Layer 2 packet over MPLS config commands
label
Label properties
ldp
Configure Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) parameters
mtu
Set MPLS Maximum Transmission Unit
netflow
Configure Egress Netflow Accounting
traffic-eng
Configure Traffic Engineering parameters
R3-P2(config-if)#mpls
ldp ?
discovery
Configure interface LDP Discovery parameters
igp
Configure IGP-related parameters
R3-P2(config-if)#mpls
ldp discovery ?
transport-address Specify interface LDP transport address
R3-P2(config-if)#mpls
ldp discovery transport-address ?
A.B.C.D
IP address to use for LDP transport address
interface
Use interface address for LDP transport address
R3-P2(config-if)#mpls ldp discovery transport-address interface // USE INTERFACE F1/1 AS TRANSPORT ADDRESS
R3-P2(config-if)#
R3-P2(config-if)#interface
f1/0
R3-P2(config-if)#mpls ldp discovery transport-address interface
R3-P2(config-if)#
R3-P2(config-if)#
*Nov 20 10:56:02.025: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor
10.2.2.2:0 (1) is UP
R3-P2(config-if)#
*Nov 20 10:56:07.537: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor
10.4.4.4:0 (2) is UP
R3-P2(config-if)#do
show mpls ldp discovery detail
Local LDP Identifier:
10.9.9.9:0
Discovery Sources:
Interfaces:
FastEthernet1/0
(ldp): xmit/recv
Enabled: Interface config
Hello interval: 5000 ms; Transport
IP addr: 10.34.0.3 // THE INTERFACE IP IS USED AS TRANSPORT
ADDRESS
LDP Id: 10.4.4.4:0
Src IP addr: 10.34.0.4; Transport
IP addr: 10.4.4.4
Hold time: 15 sec; Proposed
local/peer: 15/15 sec
Reachable via 10.4.4.4/32
Password: not required, none, in
use
Clients: IPv4
FastEthernet1/1
(ldp): xmit/recv
Enabled: Interface config
Hello interval: 5000 ms; Transport
IP addr: 10.23.0.3
LDP Id: 10.2.2.2:0
Src IP addr: 10.23.0.2; Transport
IP addr: 10.2.2.2
Hold time: 15 sec; Proposed
local/peer: 15/15 sec
Reachable via 10.2.2.2/32
Password: not required, none, in
use
Clients: IPv4
R3-P2(config)#no
mpls ip // PERFORM WIRESHARK CAPTURE
ON R3 F1/1
R3-P2(config)#
*Nov 20
11:01:18.397: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.2.2.2:0 (1) is DOWN (LDP
unconfigured globally)
*Nov 20
11:01:18.401: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.4.4.4:0 (2) is DOWN (LDP
unconfigured globally)
MPLS USES
TCP DESTINATION PORT 646
R3-P2(config)#mpls
ip
R3-P2(config)#
*Nov 20
11:02:02.857: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.4.4.4:0 (1) is UP
*Nov 20
11:02:02.869: %LDP-5-NBRCHG: LDP Neighbor 10.2.2.2:0 (2) is UP
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